Associate Professor Holger Baumgardt
SMP Director, Higher Degree Research
Associate Professor
School of Mathematics and Physics
+61 7 336 53430
Physics Annexe (06), Room 402
Personal page
Associate Professor Holger Baumgardt's personal page
Teaching and learning
Assoc Professor Baumgardt teaches 1st year physics, 2nd and 3rd year astrophysics and 3rd year computational physics
Researcher biography
Holger Baumgardt received his PhD thesis from the University of Heidelberg in 1997. After receiving his PhD, he held postdoctoral positions at the universities of Heidelberg, Edinbugh, Tokyo and Bonn. From 2010 to 2014 he was an ARC funded Future Fellow and since 2014 he has been Associate Professor at the University of Queensland.
More information about Holger's research can be found in the article Heart of Darkness
Journal Articles
Li, Chengyuan, Wang, Li, Ji, Xin and Baumgardt, Holger (2025). Multiple stellar populations at less evolved stages : IV. Evidence of helium enrichments in four Magellanic globular clusters. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 695 A63, A63. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452952
Leitinger, E. I., Baumgardt, H., Cabrera-Ziri, I., Hilker, M., Carbajo-Hijarrubia, J., Gieles, M., Husser, T. O. and Kamann, S. (2025). The kinematics of 30 Milky Way globular clusters and the multiple stellar populations within. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 694 A184, 1-28. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452477
Arnold, Anthony D. and Baumgardt, Holger (2025). Direct N-body simulations of NGC 6397 and its tidal tails. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 537 (2), 1807-1817. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf121
Rostami-Shirazi, Ali, Baumgardt, Holger, Zonoozi, Akram Hasani, Ghasemi, S Mojtaba and Haghi, Hosein (2024). Origin of high dark remnant fractions in Milky Way Globular Clusters: The crucial role of initial black hole retention. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 536 (2), 1332-1343. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stae2644
Smith, Peter J., Hénault-Brunet, Vincent, Dickson, Nolan, Gieles, Mark and Baumgardt, Holger (2024). Probing populations of dark stellar remnants in the globular clusters 47 Tuc and Terzan 5 using pulsar timing. The Astrophysical Journal, 975 (2) 268, 1-26. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad77bc
Häberle, Maximilian, Neumayer, Nadine, Seth, Anil, Bellini, Andrea, Libralato, Mattia, Baumgardt, Holger, Whitaker, Matthew, Dumont, Antoine, Alfaro-Cuello, Mayte, Anderson, Jay, Clontz, Callie, Kacharov, Nikolay, Kamann, Sebastian, Feldmeier-Krause, Anja, Milone, Antonino, Nitschai, Maria Selina, Pechetti, Renuka and van de Ven, Glenn (2024). Author Correction: Fast-moving stars around an intermediate-mass black hole in ω Centauri. Nature, 634 (8032), E1-E1. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08017-4
Häberle, Maximilian, Neumayer, Nadine, Seth, Anil, Bellini, Andrea, Libralato, Mattia, Baumgardt, Holger, Whitaker, Matthew, Dumont, Antoine, Alfaro-Cuello, Mayte, Anderson, Jay, Clontz, Callie, Kacharov, Nikolay, Kamann, Sebastian, Feldmeier-Krause, Anja, Milone, Antonino, Nitschai, Maria Selina, Pechetti, Renuka and van de Ven, Glenn (2024). Fast-moving stars around an intermediate-mass black hole in ω Centauri. Nature, 631 (8020), 285-288. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07511-z
Huang, Ruoyun, Tang, Baitian, Li, Chengyuan, Geisler, Doug, Mateo, Mario, Song, Ying-Yi, Baumgardt, Holger, Carballo-Bello, Julio A., Wang, Yue, Nie, Jundan, Dias, Bruno and Fernández-Trincado, José G. (2024). Driving factors behind multiple populations. Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy, 67 (5) 259513, 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s11433-023-2332-5
Dickson, N, Smith, P J, Hénault-Brunet, V, Gieles, M and Baumgardt, H (2024). Multimass modelling of Milky Way globular clusters - II. present-day black hole populations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 529 (1), 331-347. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stae470
Wang, Long, Gieles, Mark, Baumgardt, Holger, Li, Chengyuan, Pang, Xiaoying and Tang, Baitian (2023). The influence of black holes on the binary population of the globular cluster Palomar 5. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 527 (3), 7495-7514. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad3657
Mayes, Rebecca J., Drinkwater, Michael J., Pfeffer, Joel and Baumgardt, Holger (2023). The contribution of supermassive black holes in stripped nuclei to the supermassive black hole population of UCDs and galaxy clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 527 (3), 4643-4656. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad3428
Byrne, Zachary, Drinkwater, Michael J., Baumgardt, Holger, Blyth, David, Côté, Patrick, Lüetzgendorf, Nora, Spengler, Chelsea, Ferrarese, Laura, Mahajan, Smriti, Pfeffer, Joel and Sweet, Sarah (2023). Supermassive black holes in a mass-limited galaxy sample. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 526 (1), 1095-1111. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad2771
Sollima, A., Nipoti, C., Calura, F., Pascale, R. and Baumgardt, H. (2023). Testing quasi-linear modified Newtonian dynamics theory with Galactic globular clusters in a weak external field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 524 (4), 5291-5308. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad2186
Dickson, N., Hénault-Brunet, V., Baumgardt, H., Gieles, M. and Smith, P.J. (2023). Multimass modelling of Milky Way globular clusters - I. Implications on their stellar initial mass function above 1 M⊙. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 522 (4), 5320-5339. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad1254
Baumgardt, H., Hénault-Brunet, V., Dickson, N. and Sollima, A. (2023). Evidence for a bottom-light initial mass function in massive star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 521 (3), 3991-4008. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad631
Li, Chengyuan, Ji, Xin, Wang, Long, Wang, Yue, Tang, Baitian, Milone, Antonino P., Yang, Yujiao, Baumgardt, Holger and Jiang, Dengkai (2023). Multiple stellar populations at less evolved stages. III. A possible helium spread in NGC 2210. The Astrophysical Journal, 948 (1) 8, 1-13. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acbd99
Milone, A. P., Cordoni, G., Marino, A. F., D’Antona, F., Bellini, A., Di Criscienzo, M., Dondoglio, E., Lagioia, E. P., Langer, N., Legnardi, M. V., Libralato, M., Baumgardt, H., Bettinelli, M., Cavecchi, Y., de Grijs, R., Deng, L., Hastings, B., Li, C., Mohandasan, A., Renzini, A., Vesperini, E., Wang, C., Ziliotto, T., Carlos, M., Costa, G., Dell’Agli, F., Di Stefano, S., Jang, S., Martorano, M. ... Ventura, P. (2023). Hubble Space Telescope survey of Magellanic Cloud star clusters: photometry and astrometry of 113 clusters and early results. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 672 A161, 1-34. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244798
Leitinger, E., Baumgardt, H., Cabrera-Ziri, I., Hilker, M. and Pancino, E. (2023). A wide-field view on multiple stellar populations in 28 milky way globular clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 520 (1), 1456-1480. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad093
Wang, Yue, Tang, Baitian, Li, Chengyuan, Baumgardt, Holger, Muñoz, Ricardo R., Fernández-Trincado, José G., Geisler, Doug and Fang, Yuanqing (2023). Multiple populations in low-mass globular clusters: Eridanus. The Astrophysical Journal, 943 (2) 86, 1-10. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acac22
Wan, Zhen, Arnold, Anthony D, Oliver, William H, Lewis, Geraint F, Baumgardt, Holger, Gieles, Mark, Hénault-Brunet, Vincent, de Boer, Thomas, Balbinot, Eduardo, Da Costa, Gary, Mackey, Dougal, Erkal, Denis, Ferguson, Annette, Kuzma, Pete, Pancino, Elena, Peñarrubia, Jorge, Sanna, Nicoletta, Sollima, Antonio, van der Marel, Roeland P and Watkins, Laura L (2023). Dynamics in the outskirts of four Milky Way globular clusters: it’s the tides that dominate. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 519 (1), 192-207. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac3566
Arnold, Anthony D, Baumgardt, Holger and Wang, Long (2022). Accelerating NBODY6 with a GPU-enabled particle-particle particle-tree scheme. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 509 (2), 2075-2083. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab3090
Voggel, Karina T., Seth, Anil C., Baumgardt, Holger, Husemann, Bernd, Neumayer, Nadine, Hilker, Michael, Pechetti, Renuka, Mieske, Steffen, Dumont, Antoine and Georgiev, Iskren (2022). First direct dynamical detection of a dual supermassive black hole system at sub-kiloparsec separation. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 658 A152, A152. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140827
Baumgardt, H, Faller, J, Meinhold, N, McGovern-Greco, C and Hilker, M (2021). Stellar mass segregation as separating classifier between globular clusters and ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 510 (3), 3531-3545. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab3629
Monty, Stephanie, Rigaut, François, McDermid, Richard, Baumgardt, Holger, Cranney, Jesse, Agapito, Guido, Mendel, J Trevor, Plantet, Cédric, Greggio, Davide, Stetson, Peter B, Fiorentino, Giuliana and Haynes, Dionne (2021). Towards realistic modeling of the astrometric capabilities of MCAO systems: detecting an intermediate mass black hole with MAVIS. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 507 (2), 2192-2207. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2199
Göttgens, Fabian, Kamann, Sebastian, Baumgardt, Holger, Dreizler, Stefan, Giesers, Benjamin, Husser, Tim-Oliver, den Brok, Mark, Fétick, Romain, Krajnovic, Davor and Weilbacher, Peter M. (2021). Central kinematics of the Galactic globular cluster M80. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 507 (4), 4788-4803. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2449
Vasiliev, Eugene and Baumgardt, Holger (2021). Gaia EDR3 view on galactic globular clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 505 (4), 5978-6002. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab1475
Mayes, Rebecca J., Drinkwater, Michael J., Pfeffer, Joel, Baumgardt, Holger, Liu, Chengze, Ferrarese, Laura, Côté, Patrick and Peng, Eric W. (2021). Testing the tidal stripping scenario of ultra-compact dwarf galaxy formation by using internal properties. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 506 (2), 2459-2470. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab1864
Baumgardt, H. and Vasiliev, E. (2021). Accurate distances to Galactic globular clusters through a combination of Gaia EDR3, HST, and literature data. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 505 (4), 5957-5977. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab1474
Wan, Zhen, Oliver, William H., Baumgardt, Holger, Lewis, Geraint F., Gieles, Mark, Henault-Brunet, Vincent, de Boer, Thomas, Balbinot, Eduardo, Da Costa, Gary and Mackey, Dougal (2021). The dynamics of the globular cluster NGC 3201 out to the Jacobi radius. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 502 (3), 4513-4525. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab306
Mayes, Rebecca J., Drinkwater, Michael J., Pfeffer, Joel, Baumgardt, Holger, Liu, Chengze, Ferrarese, Laura, Côté, Patrick and Peng, Eric W. (2020). Contribution of stripped nuclei to the ultracompact dwarf galaxy population in the Virgo cluster. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 501 (2), 1852-1867. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa3731
Baumgardt, H., Sollima, A. and Hilker, M. (2020). Absolute V-band magnitudes and mass-to-light ratios of Galactic globular clusters. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 37 e046. doi: 10.1017/pasa.2020.38
Mann, Christopher R., Richer, Harvey, Heyl, Jeremy, Anderson, Jay, Kalirai, Jason, Caiazzo, Ilaria, Mohle, Swantje D., Knee, Alan and Baumgardt, Holger (2020). A multimass velocity dispersion model of 47 tucanae indicates no evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole. Astrophysical Journal, 893 (1) 86, 86. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab84ea
Ebrahimi, H., Sollima, A., Haghi, H., Baumgardt, H. and Hilker, M. (2020). New Insight into the stellar mass function of Galactic globular clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 494 (3), 4226-4243. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa969
Dalgleish, H, Kamann, S, Usher, C, Baumgardt, H, Bastian, N, Veitch-Michaelis, J, Bellini, A, Martocchia, S, Da Costa, G S, Mackey, D, Bellstedt, S, Pastorello, N and Cerulo, P (2020). The WAGGS project - III. Discrepant mass-to-light ratios of Galactic globular clusters at high metallicity. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 492 (3), 3859-3871. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa091
Cordoni, G., Milone, A. P., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Marino, A. F., Lagioia, E. P., Tailo, M., Baumgardt, H. and Hilker, M. (2020). Three-component kinematics of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters with Gaia and VLT. Astrophysical Journal, 889 (1) 18, 18. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab5aee
Milone, A. P., Marino, A. F., Da Costa, G. S., Lagioia, E. P., D’Antona, F., Goudfrooij, P., Jerjen, H., Massari, D., Renzini, A., Yong, D., Baumgardt, H., Cordoni, G., Dondoglio, E., Li, C., Tailo, M., Asa’d, R. and Ventura, E. M. (2020). Multiple populations in globular clusters and their parent galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 491 (1), 515-531. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz2999
Baumgardt, H, Hilker, M, Sollima, A and Bellini, A (2019). Mean proper motions, space orbits and velocity dispersion profiles of Galactic globular clusters derived from Gaia DR2 data. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 482 (4), 5138-5155. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty2997
Baumgardt, H., He, C., Sweet, S. M., Drinkwater, M., Sollima, A., Hurley, J., Usher, C., Kamann, S., Dalgleish, H., Dreizler, S. and Husser, T. -O. (2019). No evidence for intermediate-mass black holes in the globular clusters ω Cen and NGC 6624. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 488 (4), 5340-5351. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz2060
Mann, Christopher R., Richer, Harvey, Heyl, Jeremy, Anderson, Jay, Kalirai, Jason, Caiazzo, Ilaria, Mohle, Swantje D., Knee, Alan and Baumgardt, Holger (2019). A Multimass Velocity Dispersion Model of 47 Tucanae Indicates No Evidence for an Intermediate-mass Black Hole. Astrophysical Journal, 875 (1) 1, 1. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e6d
Larsen, Soren S., Baumgardt, Holger, Bastian, Nate, Hernandez, Svea and Brodie, Jean (2019). Hubble Space Telescope photometry of multiple stellar populations in the inner parts of NGC 2419. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 624 A25, A25. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834494
Sollima, A., Baumgardt, H. and Hilker, M (2019). The eye of Gaia on globular clusters kinematics: internal rotation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 485 (1), 1460-1476. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz505
Voggel, Karina T., Seth, Anil C., Baumgardt, Holger, Mieske, Steffen, Pfeffer, Joel and Rasskazov, Alexander (2019). The impact of stripped nuclei on the supermassive black hole number density in the local universe. Astrophysical Journal, 871 (2) 159, 159. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf735
Georgiev, Iskren Y., Neumayer, Nadine, Gässler, Wolfgang, Rabien, Sebastian, Busoni, Lorenzo, Bonaglia, Marco, Ziegleder, Julian, de Xivry, Gilles Orban, Peter, Diethard, Kulas, Martin, Borelli, Jose, Rahmer, Gustavo, Lefebvre, Michael and Baumgardt, Holger (2019). The Milky Way like galaxy NGC 6384 and its nuclear star cluster at high NIR spatial resolution using LBT/ARGOS commissioning data. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 484 (3), 3356-3375. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz227
Hénault-Brunet, V., Gieles, M., Sollima, A., Watkins, L. L., Zocchi, A., Claydon, I., Pancino, E. and Baumgardt, H. (2018). Mass modelling globular clusters in the Gaia era: a method comparison using mock data from an N-body simulation of M 4. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 483 (1), 1400-1425. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty3187
Crocker, Roland M, Krumholz, Mark R, Thompson, Todd A, Baumgardt, Holger and Mackey, Dougal (2018). Radiation pressure limits on the star formation efficiency and surface density of compact stellar systems. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 481 (4), 4895-4906. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty2659
Pavlik, Vaclav, Jerabkova, Tereza, Kroupa, Pavel and Baumgardt, Holger (2018). The black hole retention fraction in star clusters. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 617 A69, A69. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832919
Baumgardt, H. and Hilker, M. (2018). A catalogue of masses, structural parameters, and velocity dispersion profiles of 112 Milky Way globular clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 478 (2), 1520-1557. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty1057
Lin, Dacheng, Strader, Jay, Carrasco, Eleazar R., Page, Dany, Romanowsky, Aaron J., Homan, Jeroen, Irwin, Jimmy A., Remillard, Ronald A., Godet, Olivier, Webb, Natalie A., Baumgardt, Holger, Wijnands, Rudy, Barret, Didier, Duc, Pierre-Alain, Brodie, Jean P. and Gwyn, Stephen D. J. (2018). A luminous X-ray outburst from an intermediate-mass black hole in an off-centre star cluster. Nature Astronomy, 2 (8), 656-661. doi: 10.1038/s41550-018-0493-1
Ahn, Christopher P., Seth, Anil C., Cappellari, Michele, Krajnović, Davor, Strader, Jay, Voggel, Karina T., Walsh, Jonelle L., Bahramian, Arash, Baumgardt, Holger, Brodie, Jean, Chilingarian, Igor, Chomiuk, Laura, Den Brok, Mark, Frank, Matthias, Hilker, Michael, McDermid, Richard M., Mieske, Steffen, Neumayer, Nadine, Nguyen, Dieu D., Pechetti, Renuka, Romanowsky, Aaron J. and Spitler, Lee (2018). The black hole in the most massive ultracompact dwarf galaxy M59-UCD3. Astrophysical Journal, 858 (2) 102, 102. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabc57
Voggel, Karina T., Seth, Anil C., Neumayer, Nadine, Mieske, Steffen, Chilingarian, Igor, Ahn, Christopher, Baumgardt, Holger, Hilker, Michael, Nguyen, Dieu D., Romanowsky, Aaron J., Walsh, Jonelle L., den Brok, Mark and Strader, Jay (2018). Upper limits on the presence of central massive black holes in two ultra-compact dwarf galaxies in Centaurus A. Astrophysical Journal, 858 (1) 20, 20. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabae5
Afanasiev, Anton V., Chilingarian, Igor V., Mieske, Steffen, Voggel, Karina T., Picotti, Arianna, Hilker, Michael, Seth, Anil, Neumayer, Nadine, Frank, Matthias, Romanowsky, Aaron J., Hau, George, Baumgardt, Holger, Ahn, Christopher, Strader, Jay, den Brok, Mark, McDermid, Richard, Spitler, Lee, Brodie, Jean and Walsh, Jonelle L. (2018). A 3.5 million solar masses black hole in the centre of the ultracompact dwarf galaxy fornax UCD3. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 477 (4), 4856-4865. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty913
Schödel, R., Gallego-Cano, E., Dong, H., Nogueras-Lara, F., Gallego-Calvente, A. T., Amaro-Seoane, P. and Baumgardt, H. (2018). The distribution of stars around the Milky Way's central black hole: II. diffuse light from sub-giants and dwarfs. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 609 A27, A27. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730452
Gallego-Cano, E., Schödel, R., Dong, H., Nogueras-Lara, F., Gallego-Calvente, A. T., Amaro-Seoane, P. and Baumgardt, H. (2017). The distribution of stars around the Milky Way's central black hole: I. Deep star counts. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 609 A26, 1-18. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730451
Baumgardt, H., Amaro-Seoane, P. and Schodel, R. (2017). The distribution of stars around the Milky Way's central black hole III. Comparison with simulations. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 609 A28, 1-6. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730462
Sollima, A. and Baumgardt, H. (2017). The global mass functions of 35 Galactic globular clusters: I. observational data and correlations with cluster parameters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 471 (3), 3668-3679. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx1856
Boyce, H., Lutzgendorf, N., van der Marel, R. P., Baumgardt, H., Kissler-Patig, M., Neumayer, N. and de Zeeuw, P. T. (2017). An upper limit on the mass of a central black hole in the large magellanic cloud from the stellar rotation field. Astrophysical Journal, 846 (1) 14, 14. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa830c
Baumgardt, H. and Sollima, S. (2017). The global mass functions of 35 Galactic globular clusters - II. Clues on the initial mass function and black hole retention fraction. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 472 (1), 744-750. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx2036
Zonoozi, Akram Hasani, Haghi, Hosein, Kroupa, Pavel, Küpper, Andreas H.W. and Baumgardt, Holger (2017). Direct N-body simulations of globular clusters - III. Palomar 4 on an eccentric orbit. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 467 (1), 758-767. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx130
Ahn, Christopher P., Seth, Anil C., den Brok, Mark, Strader, Jay, Baumgardt, Holger, van den Bosch, Remco, Chilingarian, Igor, Frank, Matthias, Hilker, Michael, McDermid, Richard, Mieske, Steffen, Romanowsky, Aaron J., Spitler, Lee, Brodie, Jean, Neumayer, Nadine and Walsh, Jonelle L. (2017). Detection of supermassive black holes in two Virgo ultracompact dwarf galaxies. Astrophysical Journal, 839 (2) 72, 72. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa6972
Crocker, Roland M., Ruiter, Ashley J., Seitenzahl, Ivo R., Panther, Fiona H., Sim, Stuart, Baumgardt, Holger, Moeller, Anais, Nataf, David M., Ferrario, Lilia, Eldridge, J. J., White, Martin, Tucker, Brad E. and Aharonian, Felix (2017). Diffuse Galactic antimatter from faint thermonuclear supernovae in old stellar populations. Nature Astronomy, 1 (0135) 0135, 0135. doi: 10.1038/s41550-017-0135
Klzlltan, Bülent, Baumgardt, Holger and Loeb, Abraham (2017). An intermediate-mass black hole in the centre of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. Nature, 542 (7640), 203-205. doi: 10.1038/nature21361
Baumgardt, H. (2017). N-body modelling of globular clusters: masses, mass-to-light ratios and intermediate-mass black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 464 (2), 2174-2202. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw2488
Voggel, Karina, Hilker, Michael, Baumgardt, Holger, Collins, Michelle L. M., Grebel, Eva K., Husemann, Bernd, Richtler, Tom and Frank, Matthias J. (2016). Probing the boundary between star clusters and dwarf galaxies: a MUSE view on the dynamics of Crater/Laevens I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 460 (3), 3384-3397. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw1132
Pfeffer, J., Hilker, M., Baumgardt, H. and Griffen, B .F. (2016). Constraining ultracompact dwarf galaxy formation with galaxy clusters in the local universe. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 458 (3), 2492-2508. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw498
Khalaj, P. and Baumgardt, H. (2016). Limits on the significant mass-loss scenario based on the globular clusters of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 457 (1), 479-486. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2944
Sheikhi, Najmeh, Hasheminia, Maryam, Khalaj, Pouria, Haghi, Hosein, Zonoozi, Akram H. and Baumgardt, Holger (2016). The binary fraction and mass segregation in Alpha Persei open cluster. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 457 (1), 1028-1036. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw059
Sweet, Sarah M., Drinkwater, Michael J., Meurer, Gerhardt, Kilborn, Virginia, Audcent-Ross, Fiona, Baumgardt, Holger and Bekki, Kenji (2016). Kinematics of dwarf galaxies in gas-rich groups, and the survival and detectability of tidal dwarf galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 455 (3), 2508-2528. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2480
Sweet, Sarah M., Drinkwater, Michael J., Meurer, Gerhardt, Kilborn, Virginia, Audcent-Ross, Fiona, Baumgardt, Holger and Bekki, Kenji (2016). Erratum: Kinematics of dwarf galaxies in gas-rich groups, and the survival and detectability of tidal dwarf galaxies (vol 455, pg 2508, 2016). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 456 (4), 3961-3963. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2974
Brockamp, M., Baumgardt, H., Britzen, S. and Zensus, A. (2016). Unveiling Gargantua: A new search strategy for the most massive central cluster black holes. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 585 A153, A153.1-A153.11. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201526873
Baumgardt, H. (2016). Dynamical evolution of stellar systems. EAS Publications Series, 80-81, 39-72. doi: 10.1051/eas/1680003
Haghi, Hosein, Zonoozi, Akram Hasani, Kroupa, Pavel, Banerjee, Sambaran and Baumgardt, Holger (2015). Possible smoking-gun evidence for initial mass segregation in re-virialized post-gas expulsion globular clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 454 (4), 3872-3885. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv2207
Lutzgendorf, Nora, Gebhardt, Karl, Baumgardt, Holger, Noyola, Eva, Neumayer, Nadine, Kissler-Patig, Markus and de Zeeuw, Tim (2015). Re-evaluation of the central velocity-dispersion profile in NGC 6388. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 581 25524. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201425524
Sollima, A., Baumgardt, H., Zocchi, A., Balbinot, E., Gieles, M., Henault-Brunet, V. and Varri, A. L. (2015). Biases in the determination of dynamical parameters of star clusters: today and in the gaia era. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 451 (2), 2185-2197. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv1079
Larsen, Soren S., Baumgardt, Holger, Bastian, Nate, Brodie, Jean P., Grundahl, Frank and Strader, Jay (2015). Radial Distributions of Sub-Populations in the Globular Cluster M15: a More Centrally Concentrated Primordial Population. Astrophysical Journal, 804 (1) 71, 1-17. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/71
Khalaj, P. and Baumgardt, H. (2015). Dynamical constraints on the origin of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 452 (1), 924-936. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv1356
Pfeffer, J., Griffen, B. F., Baumgardt, H. and Hilker, M. (2014). Contribution of stripped nuclear clusters to globular cluster and ultracompact dwarf galaxy populations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 444 (4), 3670-3683. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu1705
Seth, Anil C., van den Bosch, Remco, Mieske, Steffen, Baumgardt, Holger, den Brok, Mark, Strader, Jay, Neumayer, Nadine, Chilingarian, Igor, Hilker, Michael, McDermid, Richard, Spitler, Lee, Brodie, Jean, Frank, Matthias J. and Walsh, Jonelle L. (2014). A supermassive black hole in an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy. Nature, 513 (7518), 398-400. doi: 10.1038/nature13762
Alexander, Poul E. R., Gieles, Mark, Lamers, Henny J. G. L. M. and Baumgardt, Holger (2014). A prescription and fast code for the long-term evolution of star clusters - III. Unequal masses and stellar evolution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 442 (2), 1265-1285. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu899
Brockamp, M., Kupper, A. H. W., Thies, I., Baumgardt, H. and Kroupa, P. (2014). Erosion of globular cluster systems: the influence of radial anisotropy, central black holes and dynamical friction. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 441 (1), 150-171. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu562
Zonoozi, Akram Hasani, Haghi, Hosein, Küpper, Andreas H. W., Baumgardt, Holger, Frank, Matthias J. and Kroupa, Pavel (2014). Direct N-body simulations of globular clusters - II. Palomar 4. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 440 (4) stu526, 3172-3183. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu526
Bahl, H. and Baumgardt, H. (2014). A comparison of the distribution of satellite galaxies around andromeda and the results of λCDM simulations. Monthly Notices of The Royal Astronomical Society, 438 (4) stt2399, 2916-2923. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt2399
Khalaj, P. and Baumgardt, H. (2013). The stellar mass function, binary content and radial structure of the open cluster Praesepe derived from PPMXL and SDSS data. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 434 (4), 3236-3245. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt1239
Mieske, S., Frank, M. J., Baumgardt, H., Lutzgendorf, N., Neumayer, N. and Hilker, M. (2013). On central black holes in ultra-compact dwarf galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 558 A14, A14. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322167
Pfeffer, J. and Baumgardt, H. (2013). Ultra-compact dwarf galaxy formation by tidal stripping of nucleated dwarf galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 433 (3), 1997-2005. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt867
Lamers, Henny J. G. L. M., Baumgardt, Holger and Gieles, Mark (2013). The evolution of the global stellar mass function of star clusters: an analytic description. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 433 (2), 1378-1388. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt808
Lützgendorf, N., Kissler-Patig, M., Neumayer, N., Baumgardt, H., Noyola, E., de Zeeuw, P. T., Gebhardt, K., Jalali, B. and Feldmeier, A. (2013). M dot-sigma relation for intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 555 A26, A26.1-A26.8. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321183
Feldmeier, A., Luetzgendorf, N., Neumayer, N., Kissler-Patig, M., Gebhardt, K., Baumgardt, H., Noyola, E., de Zeeuw, P. T. and Jalali, B. (2013). Indication for an intermediate-mass black hole in the globular cluster NGC 5286 from kinematics. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 554 A63, A63.1-A63.15. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321168
Luetzgendorf, N., Kissler-Patig, M., Gebhardt, K., Baumgardt, H., Noyola, E., de Zeeuw, P. T., Neumayer, N., Jalali, B. and Feldmeier, A. (2013). Limits on intermediate-mass black holes in six galactic globular clusters with integral-field spectroscopy. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 552 A49, A49.1-A49.24. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220307
Baumgardt, H., Parmentier, G., Anders, P. and Grebel, E. K. (2013). The star cluster formation history of the LMC. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 430 (1), 676-685. doi: 10.1093/mnras/sts667
Gieles, Mark, Alexander, Paul E. R., Lamers, Henny J. G. L. M. and Baumgardt, Holger (2013). A prescription and fast code for the long-term evolution of star clusters - II. Unbalanced and core evolution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 437 (1) stt1980, 916-929. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt1980
Lutzgendorf, N., Baumgardt, H. and Kruijssen, J. M. D. (2013). N-body simulations of globular clusters in tidal fields: Effects of intermediate-mass black holes. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 558 A117, A117. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321927
Parmentier, Genevieve and Baumgardt, Holger (2012). The mass function and dynamical mass of young star clusters: why their initial crossing-time matters crucially. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 427 (3), 1940-1952. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22004.x
Subr, Ladislav, Kroupa, Pavel and Baumgardt, Holger (2012). Catch me if you can: is there a "runaway-mass" black hole in the Orion Nebula Cluster?. Astrophysical Journal, 757 (1) 37, 37.1-37.10. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/37
Frank, Matthias J., Hilker, Michael, Baumgardt, Holger, Cote, Patrick, Grebel, Eva K., Haghi, Hosein, Kupper, Andreas H. W. and Djorgovski, S. G. (2012). The velocity dispersion and mass function of the outer halo globular cluster Palomar 4. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 423 (3), 2917-2932. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21105.x
Luetzgendorf, N., Gualandris, A., Kissler-Patig, M., Gebhardt, K., Baumgardt, H., Noyola, E., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Jalali, B., de Zeeuw, P. T. and Neumayer, N. (2012). High-velocity stars in the cores of globular clusters: the illustrative case of NGC 2808. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 543 A82, A82.1-A82.12. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201219062
Anders, P., Baumgardt, H., Gaburov, E. and Zwart, S. Portegies (2012). How well do starlab and nbody compare? II. Hardware and accuracy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 421 (4), 3557-3569. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20581.x
Takahashi, K. and Baumgardt, H. (2012). Tidal mass loss in star clusters and treatment of escapers in Fokker-Planck models. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 420 (2), 1799-1808. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20183.x
McNamara, Bernard J., Harrison, Thomas E., Baumgardt, Holger and Khalaj, Pouria (2012). A search for an intermediate-mass black hole in the core of the globular cluster NGC 6266. Astrophysical Journal, 745 (2) 175, 1-7. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/175
Jalali, B., Baumgardt, H., Kissler-Patig, M., Gebhardt, K., Noyola, E., Lutzgendorf, N. and de Zeeuw, P. T. (2012). A dynamical N-body model for the central region of omega-Centauri. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 538 (A&A) A19, A19.1-A19.11. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201116923
Lutzgendorf, N., Kissler-Patig, M., Gebhardt, K., Baumgardt, H., Noyola, E., Jalali, B., De Zeeuw, P. T. and Neumayer, N. (2012). Central kinematics of the globular cluster NGC 2808: Upper limit on the mass of an intermediate-mass black hole. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 542 A129, A129. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201219375
Brockamp, M., Baumgardt, H. and Kroupa, P. (2011). Tidal disruption rate of stars by supermassive black holes obtained by direct N-body simulations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 418 (2), 1308-1324. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19580.x
Noyola, Eva and Baumgardt, Holger (2011). Testing photometric diagnostics for the dynamical state and possible intermediate-mass black hole presence in globular clusters. Astrophysical Journal, 743 (52) 52, 1-10. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/52
Kupper, Andreas H. W., Maschberger, Thomas, Kroupa, Pavel and Baumgardt, Holger (2011). Mass segregation and fractal substructure in young massive clusters - I. The McLuster code and method calibration. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 417 (3), 2300-2317. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19412.x
Luetzgendorf, N., Kissler-Patig, M., Noyola, E., Jalali, B., de Zeeuw, P. T., Gebhardt, K. and Baumgardt, H. (2011). Kinematic signature of an intermediate-mass black hole in the globular cluster NGC 6388. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 533 A36, A36-1-A36-12. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201116618
Frank, M. J., Hilker, M., Mieske, S., Baumgardt, H., Grebel E. K. and Infante, L. (2011). Spatially resolved kinematics of an ultracompact dwarf galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 414 (1), L70-L74. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01058.x
Baumgardt, H. and Klessen, R. S. (2011). The role of stellar collisions for the formation of massive stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 413 (3), 1810-1818. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18258.x
Zonoozi, Akram Hasani, Kupper, Andreas H. W., Baumgardt, Holger, Haghi, Hosein, Kroupa, Pavel and Hilker, Michael (2011). Direct N-body simulations of globular clusters - I. Palomar 14. Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society, 411 (3), 1989-2001. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17831.x
Haghi, H., Baumgardt, H. and Kroupa, P. (2011). Distant star clusters of the Milky Way in MOND. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 527 (5) A33, 213-214. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015573
Lamers, Henny J. G. L. M., Baumgardt, Holger and Gieles, Mark (2010). Mass-loss rates and the mass evolution of star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 409 (1), 305-328. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17309.x
Gieles, M., Baumgardt, H., Heggie, D. C. and Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. (2010). On the mass-radius relation of hot stellar systems. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 408 (1), L16-L20. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00919.x
Kupper, Andreas H. W., Kroupa, Pavel, Baumgardt, Holger and Heggie, Douglas C. (2010). Peculiarities in velocity dispersion and surface density profiles of star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 407 (4), 2241-2260. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17084.x
Noyola, Eva, Gebhardt, Karl, Kissler-Patig, Markus, Lutzgendorf, Nora, Jalali, Behrang, de Zeeuw, P. Tim and Baumgardt, Holger (2010). Very large telescope kinematics for omega Centauri: Further support for a central black hole. Astrophysical Journal, 719 (1), L60-L64. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/719/1/L60
Decressin, T., Baumgardt, H., Charbonnel, C. and Kroupa, P. (2010). Evolution of two stellar populations in globular clusters. II. Effects of primordial gas expulsion. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 516 (19), A73-1-A73-10. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/200913703
Mieske, Steffen, Jordán, Andrés, Côté, Patrick, Peng, Eric W., Ferrarese, Laura, Blakeslee, John P., Mei, Simona, Baumgardt, Holger, Tonry, John L., Infante, Leopoldo and West, Michael J. (2010). The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. IX. The color-magnitude relation of globular cluster systems. The Astrophysical Journal, 710 (2), 1672-1682. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1672
Lockmann, U, Baumgardt, H and Kroupa, P (2010). Constraining the initial mass function of stars in the Galactic Centre. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 402 (1), 519-525. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15906.x
Banerjee, S., Baumgardt, H. and Kroupa, P. (2010). Stellar-mass black holes in star clusters: Implications for gravitational wave radiation. Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society, 402 (1), 371-380. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15880.x
Küpper, Andreas H. W., Kroupa, Pavel, Baumgardt, Holger and Heggie, Douglas C. (2010). Tidal tails of star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 401 (1), 105-120. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15690.x
Baumgardt, H, Parmentier, G, Gieles, M and Vesperini, E (2010). Evidence for two populations of Galactic globular clusters from the ratio of their half-mass to Jacobi radii. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 401 (3), 1832-1838. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15758.x
Lockmann, U., Baumgardt, H. and Kroupa, P. (2009). Influence of a stellar cusp on the dynamics of young stellar discs and the origin of the S-stars in the Galactic Centre. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 398 (1), 429-437. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15157.x
Anders, P., Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. and Baumgardt, H. (2009). The photometric evolution of dissolving star clusters II. Realistic models. Colours and M/L ratios. Astronomy And Astrophysics, 502 (3), 817-832. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/200810615
Baumgardt, H., Cote, P., Hilker, M., Rejkuba, M., Mieske, S., Djorgovski, S. G. and Stetson, Peter (2009). The velocity dispersion and mass-to-light ratio of the remote halo globular cluster NGC 2419. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 396 (4), 2051-2060. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14932.x
Anders, P., Baumgardt, H., Bissantz, N. and Portegies Zwart, S. (2009). How well do STARLAB and NBODY4 compare? I. Simple models. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 395 (4), 2304-2316. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14695.x
Georgiev, Iskren Y., Hilker, Michael, Puzia, Thomas H., Goudfrooij, Paul and Baumgardt, Holger (2009). Globular cluster systems in nearby dwarf galaxies - II. Nuclear star clusters and their relation to massive Galactic globular clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 396 (2), 1075-1085. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14776.x
Jordi, K., Grebel, E. K., Hilker, M., Baumgardt, H., Frank, M., Kroupa, P., Haghi, H., Cote, P. and Djorgovski, S. G. (2009). Testing Fundamental Physics with Distant Star Clusters: Analysis of Observational Data On Palomar 14. Astronomical Journal, 137 (6), 4586-4596. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4586
Haghi, Hosein, Baumgardt, Holger, Kroupa, Pavel, Grebel, Eva K., Hilker, Michael and Jordi, Katrin (2009). Testing fundamental physics with distant star clusters: theoretical models for pressure-supported stellar systems. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 395 (3), 1549-1557. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14656.x
Dabringhausen, J., Kroupa, P. and Baumgardt, H. (2009). A top-heavy stellar initial mass function in starbursts as an explanation for the high mass-to-light ratios of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 394 (3), 1529-1543. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14425.x
Lockmann, U. and Baumgardt, H. (2009). On the number of young stellar discs in the Galactic Centre. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 394 (4), 1841-1846. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14466.x
Baumgardt, H. and Mieske, S. (2008). High mass-to-light ratios of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies - evidence for dark matter?. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 391 (2), 942-948. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13949.x
Decressin, T., Baumgardt, H. and Kroupa, P. (2008). The evolution of two stellar populations in globular clusters I. The dynamical mixing timescale. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 492 (1), 101-109. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:200810275
Decressin, T., Baumgardt, H. and Kroupa, P. (2008). Dynamical mixing of two stellar populations in globular clusters. Astronomische Nachrichten, 329 (9-10), 976-979. doi: 10.1002/asna.200811045
Mieske, S., Dabringhausen, J., Kroupa, P., Hilker, M. and Baumgardt, H. (2008). High M/L ratios of UCDs: A variation of the IMF?. Astronomische Nachrichten, 329 (9-10), 964-967. doi: 10.1002/asna.200811073
Baumgardt, H. (2008). Star cluster kinematics in the GAIA era. Astronomische Nachrichten, 329 (9-10), 881-884. doi: 10.1002/asna.200811097
Kupper, Andreas H. W., Kroupa, Pavel and Baumgardt, Holger (2008). The main sequence of star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389 (2), 889-902. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13598.x
Gieles, M. and Baumgardt, H. (2008). Lifetimes of tidally limited star clusters with different radii. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389 (1), L28-L32. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00515.x
Baumgardt, Holger, De Marchi, Guido and Kroupa, Pavel (2008). Evidence for primordial mass segregation in globular clusters. Astrophysical Journal, 685 (1), 247-253. doi: 10.1086/590488
Mieske, S., Hilker, M., Jordan, A., Infante, L., Kissler-Patig, M., Rejkuba, M., Richtler, T., Cote, P., Baumgardt, H., West, M. J., Ferrarese, L. and Peng, E. W. (2008). The nature of UCDs: Internal dynamics from an expanded sample and homogeneous database. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 487 (3), 921-937. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:200810077
Lockmann, Ulf, Baumgardt, Holger and Kroupa, Pavel (2008). Origin of the S stars in the galactic center. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 683 (2), L151-L154. doi: 10.1086/591734
Ardi, Eliani, Baumgardt, Holger and Mineshige, Shin (2008). The influence of initial mass segregation on the runaway merging of stars. Astrophysical Journal, 682 (2), 1195-1204. doi: 10.1086/589278
Marks, Michael, Kroupa, Pavel and Baumgardt, Holger (2008). The influence of gas expulsion and initial mass segregation on the stellar mass function of globular star clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 386 (4), 2047-2054. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13165.x
Parmentier, G., Goodwin, S. P., Kroupa, P. and Baumgardt, H. (2008). The shape of the initial cluster mass function: What it tells us about the local star formation efficiency. Astrophysical Journal, 678 (1), 347-352. doi: 10.1086/587137
Subr, L., Kroupa, P. and Baumgardt, H. (2008). A new method to create initially mass segregated star clusters in virial equilibrium. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 385 (3), 1673-1680. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12993.x
Baumgardt, H., Kroupa, P. and Parmentier, G. (2008). The influence of residual gas expulsion on the evolution of the Galactic globular cluster system and the origin of the Population II halo. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 384 (3), 1231-1241. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12811.x
Lockmann, U. and Baumgardt, H. (2008). Tracing intermediate-mass black holes in the Galactic Centre. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 384 (1), 323-330. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12699.x
Mieske, S. and Baumgardt, H. (2007). On the efficiency of field star capture by star clusters. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 475 (3), 851-857. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20078450
Suzuki, Takeru K., Nakasato, Naohito, Baumgardt, Holger, Ibukiyama, Akihiko, Makino, Junichiro and Ebisuzaki, Toshi (2007). Evolution of collisionally merged massive stars. Astrophysical Journal, 668 (1), 435-448. doi: 10.1086/521214
Baumgardt, H. and Kroupa, P. (2007). A comprehensive set of simulations studying the influence of gas expulsion on star cluster evolution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 380 (4), 1589-1598. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12209.x
Carraro, G., Marcos, R. de la Fuente, Villanova, S., Bidin, C. Moni, Marcos, C. de la Fuente, Baumgardt, H. and Solivella, G. (2007). Observational templates of star cluster disruption: The stellar group NGC 1901 in front of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 466 (3), 931-941. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20066687
Hilker, M, Baumgardt, H, Infante, L, Drinkwater, M, Evstigneeva, E and Gregg, M (2007). Dynamical Masses of Ultra-compact Dwarf Galaxies in Fornax. Astronomy & Astrophysics: a European Journal, 463 (1), 119-130. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20066429
Heggie, Douglas C., Hut, Piet, Mineshige, Shin, Makino, Jun and Baumgardt, Holger (2007). The core radius of a star cluster containing a massive black hole. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 59 (3), L11-L14. doi: 10.1093/pasj/59.3.L11
Baumgardt, H., Hopman, C., Zwart, S. Portegies and Makino, J. (2006). Tidal capture of stars by intermediate-mass black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 372 (1), 467-478. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10885.x
Baumgardt, H., Gualandris, A. and Zwart, S. Portegies (2006). Ejection of hypervelocity stars from the Galactic Centre by intermediate-mass black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 372 (1), 174-182. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10818.x
Gieles, M., Zwart, S. F. Portegies, Baumgardt, H., Athanassoula, E., Lamers, H. J. G. L. M., Sipior, M. and Leenaarts, J. (2006). Star cluster disruption by giant molecular clouds. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 371 (2), 793-804. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10711.x
Freitag, Marc, Rasio, Frederic A. and Baumgardt, Holger (2006). Runaway collisions in young star clusters - I. Methods and tests. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 368 (1), 121-140. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10095.x
Zwart, Simon F. Portegies, Baumgardt, Holger, McMillan, Stephen L. W., Makino, Junichiro, Hut, Piet and Ebisuzaki, Toshi (2006). The ecology of star clusters and intermediate-mass black holes in the galactic bulge. Astrophysical Journal, 641 (1), 319-326. doi: 10.1086/500361
Lamers, H. J. G. L. M., Gieles, M., Bastian, N., Baumgardt, H., Kharchenko, N. V. and Portegies Zwart, S. (2005). An analytical description of the disruption of star clusters in tidal fields with an application to Galactic open clusters. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 441 (1), 117-129. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20042241
Baumgardt, H., Grebel, E. K. and Kroupa, P. (2005). Using distant globular clusters as a test for gravitational theories. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 359 (1), L1-L4. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2005.00021.x
Baumgardt, Holger, Makino, Junichiro and Hut, Piet (2005). Which globular clusters contain intermediate-mass black holes?. The Astrophysical Journal, 620 (1), 238-243. doi: 10.1086/426893
Baumgardt, Holger, Makino, Junichiro and Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu (2004). Massive black holes in star clusters: II. Realistic cluster models. Astrophysical Journal, 613 (2), 1143-1156. doi: 10.1086/423299
Baumgardt, Holger, Makino, Junichiro and Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu (2004). Massive black holes in star clusters. I. Equal-mass clusters. Astrophysical Journal, 613 (2), 1133-1142. doi: 10.1086/423298
Zwart, Sfp, Baumgardt, H, Hut, P, Makino, J and McMillan, SLW (2004). Formation of massive black holes through runaway collisions in dense young star clusters. Nature, 428 (6984), 724-726. doi: 10.1038/nature02448
McNamara, B. J., Harrison, T. E. and Baumgardt, H. (2004). The dynamical distance to M15: estimates of the cluster's age and mass and of the absolute magnitude of its RR Lyrae stars. Astrophysical Journal, 602 (1), 264-270. doi: 10.1086/380905
Pooley, David, Lewin, Walter H. G., Anderson, Scott F., Baumgardt, Holger, Filippenko, Alexei V., Gaensler, Bryan M., Homer, Lee, Hut, Piet, Kaspi, Victoria M., Makino, Junichiro, Margon, Bruce, McMillan, Steve, Zwart, Simon Portefies, van der Klis, Michiel and Verbunt, Frank (2003). Dynamical formation of close binary systems in globular clusters. Astrophysical Journal, 591 (2), L131-L134. doi: 10.1086/377074
Baumgardt, H., Heggie, D. C., Hut, P. and Makino, J. (2003). Parameters of core collapse. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 341 (1), 247-250. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06407.x
Baumgardt, Holger, Makino, Junichro, Hut, Piet, McMillan, Steve and Zwart, Simon Portegies (2003). A dynamical model for the globular cluster G1. Astrophysical Journal, 589 (1), L25-L28. doi: 10.1086/375802
Baumgardt, H. and Makino, J. (2003). Dynamical evolution of star clusters in tidal fields. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 340 (1), 227-246. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06286.x
Baumgardt, Holger, Hut, Piet, Makino, Junichiro, McMillan, Steve and Zwart, Simon Portegies (2003). On the central structure of M15. Astrophysical Journal, 582 (1), L21-L24. doi: 10.1086/367537
Baumgardt, H., Hut, P. and Heggie, D. C. (2002). Long-term evolution of isolated N-body systems. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 336 (4), 1069-1081. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05736.x
Baumgardt, H. (2001). Scaling of N-body calculations. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 325 (4), 1323-1331. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04272.x
Carraro, G., Patat, F. and Baumgardt, H. (2001). Star clusterings in the Carina complex: UBV RI photometry of NGC 3324 and Loden 165. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 371 (1), 107-114. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20010307
Baumgardt, H., Dettbarn, C. and Wielen, R. (2000). Absolute proper motions of open clusters: I. Observational data. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 146 (2), 251-258. doi: 10.1051/aas:2000362
Fellhauer, M, Kroupa, P, Baumgardt, H, Bien, R, Boily, CM, Spurzem, R and Wassmer, N (2000). SUPERBOX - an efficient code for collisionless galactic dynamics. New Astronomy, 5 (6), 305-326. doi: 10.1016/S1384-1076(00)00032-4
Baumgardt, H. (1998). The nature of some doubtful open clusters as revealed by Hipparcos. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 340 (2), 402-414.
Baumgardt, H. (1998). The initial distribution and evolution of globular cluster systems. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 330 (2), 480-491.
Conference Papers
Monty, Stephanie, Cranney, Jesse, Rigaut, François, McDermid, Richard, Baumgardt, Holger, Agapito, Guido, Mendel, J. Trevor, Plantet, Cédric, Greggio, Davide, Fiorentino, Guiliana, Haynes, Dionne, Marasco, Antonino and Massari, Davide (2023). Astrometry with MAVIS: pushing past the limits of gaia to the crowded centres of globular clusters. 7th Adaptive Optics for Extremely Large Telescopes Conference, AO4ELT7 2023, Avignon, France, 25 - 30 June 2023. doi: 10.13009/AO4ELT7-2023-061
Ardi, E. and Baumgardt, H. (2020). Depletion of dark matter within globular clusters. International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences 2019 (IConMNS 2019), Bali, Indonesia, 30-31 August 2019. Bristol, United Kingdom: Institute of Physics Publishing. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1503/1/012023
Baumgardt, Holger, Sollima, Antonio and Hilker, Michael (2019). On the presence of intermediate black holes in three globular clusters. IAU Symposium: Star Clusters: From the Milky Way to the Early Universe, Bologna, Italy, 27-31 May 2019. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press (CUP). doi: 10.1017/s1743921319007695
Hilker, Michael, Baumgardt, Holger, Sollima, Antonio and Bellini, Andrea (2019). Galactic Globular Clusters: A new catalog of masses, structural parameters, velocity dispersion profiles, proper motions and space orbits. IAUS 351: Star Clusters: from the Milky Way to the Early Universe, Bologna, Italy, 27 - 31 May, 2019. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S1743921319006823
Sollima, A., Baumgardt, H. and Hilker, M. (2019). The eye of Gaia on globular cluster kinematics: Internal rotation. Star Clusters: From the Milky Way to the Early Universe - IAU Symposium 351, Bologna, Italy, 27-31 May 2019. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S1743921319007099
Baumgardt, H. (2016). N-body modeling of globular clusters. 2016 Cosmic-Lab Conference: Star Clusters as Cosmic Laboratories for Astrophysics, Dynamics and Fundamental Physics, MODEST 2016, Bologna, Italy, 18 - 22 April 2016. Florence, Italy: Societa Astronomica Italiana.
Küpper, Andreas H. W., Zonoozi, Akram H., Haghi, Hosein, Lützgendorf, Nora, Mieske, Steffen, Frank, Matthias, Baumgardt, Holger and Kroupa, Pavel (2015). Dynamical Evolution of Outer-Halo Globular Clusters. Proceedings IAU Symposium, Unknown, Unknown. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S1743921315009084
Lützgendorf, Nora, Kissler-Patig, Markus, Gebhardt, Karl, Baumgardt, Holger, Kruijssen, Diederik, Noyola, Eva, Neumayer, Nadine, De Zeeuw, Tim, Feldmeier-Krause, Anja, Van Der Helm, Edwin, Pelupessy, Inti and Zwart, Simon Portegies (2015). Intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters: Observations and simulations-Update. International Astronomical Union 2015 General Assembly, Honolulu, HI, United States, 3–14 August, 2015. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S1743921315010601
Lutzgendorf, Nora, Kissler-Patig, Markus, Gebhardt, Karl, Baumgardt, Holger, Kruijssen, Diederik, Noyola, Eva, Neumayer, Nadine, De Zeeuw, Tim, Feldmeier, Anja, Van Der Helm, Edwin, Pelupessy, Inti and Zwart, Simon Portegies (2014). Intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters: observations and simulations. 312th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union (IAUS), Beijing Peoples R China, Aug 25-29, 2014. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S1743921315007784
Lützgendorf, N., Kissler-Patig, M., Gebhardt, K., Baumgardt, H., Noyola, E., De Zeeuw, P. T., Neumayer, N., Jalali, B. and Feldmeier, A. (2013). Intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters. 2012 Reading the Book of Globular Clusters with the Lens of Stellar Evolution, Monte Porzio Catone,, November 26 - 28, 2012. Societa Astronomica Italiana.
Baumgardt, Holger, Lockmann, Ulf and Kroupa, Pavel (2011). The initial mass function and formation history of stars in the galactic centre. Conference on the Galactic Center: A Window to the Nuclear Environment of Disk Galaxies, Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China, 19-23 October 2009. San Francisco, CA , United States: Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
Amaro-Seoane, P., Ribas, I., Löckmann, U. and Baumgardt, H. (2010). Interactions between a massive planet and a disc. Pathways Towards Habitable Planets, Barcelona, Spain, Sep 14-18, 2009. San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.: Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
Georgiev, Iskren Y., Hilker, Michael, Puzia, Thomas H., Goudfrooij, Paul and Baumgardt, Holger (2009). Nuclear clusters in dwarf irregular galaxies and their connection to massive galactic clusters. IAU Symposium 266. Star Clusters: Basic Galactic Building Blocks Throughout Time And Space, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 10-14 August 2009. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S1743921309991499
Baumgardt, H., Côté, P., Hilker, M., Rejkuba, M., Mieske, S., Djorgovski, S. G. and Stetson, P. (2009). Limits on the dark matter content of globular clusters. IAU Symposium 266. Star Clusters: Basic Galactic Building Blocks Throughout Time And Space, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 10-14 August 2009. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S174392130999130X
Banerjee, Sambaran, Baumgardt, Holger and Kroupa, Pavel (2009). Stellar-mass black holes in star clusters: Implications for gravitational-wave radiation. IAU Symposium 266. Star Clusters: Basic Galactic Building Blocks Throughout Time And Space, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 10-14 August 2009. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S1743921309991074
Parmentier, Geneviève, Goodwin, Simon P., Kroupa, Pavel and Baumgardt, Holger (2009). Gas removal and the initial mass function of star clusters. Meeting on Young Massive Star Clusters: Initial Conditions and Environments, Granada, Spain, 11-14 September 2007. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. doi: 10.1007/s10509-009-0108-5
Baumgardt, H (2009). Dissolution of globular clusters. FONDAP-ESO Conference. Globular Clusters: Guides to Galaxies, Concepción, Chile, 6-10 March 2006. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-76961-3_89
Decressin, T., Baumgardt, H., Kroupa, P., Meynet, G. and Charbonnel, C. (2008). The ages of galactic globular clusters in the context of self-enrichment. IAU Symposium 258: The Ages of Stars, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A., 13-17 October 2008. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/S1743921309031913
Baumgardt, H. (2006). Testing MOND with globular clusters. 21st IAP Colloquium: Mass Profiles and Shapes of Cosmological Structures (2005), Paris, France, 4-9 July 2005. Parc d'Activites de Courtaboeuf, Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences. doi: 10.1051/eas:2006082
Baumgardt, Holger, Gualandris, Alessia and Zwart, Simon Portegies (2006). Ejection of hyper-velocity stars by intermediate-mass black holes. Galactic Center Workshop 2006: From the Center of the Milky Way to Nearby Low-Luminosity Galactic Nuclei (GC'06), Bad Honnef, Cologne, Germany, 18-22 April 2006. Bristol, United Kingdom: Institute of Physics Publishing. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/54/1/047
Baumgardt, Holger and Kroupa, Pavel (2005). Globular cluster kinematics with Gaia. The Three Dimensional Universe with Gaia. Gaia ou l'Univers en 3D, Meudon, Paris, France, 4-7 October 2004. Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESTEC.
Baumgardt, Holger, Makino, Junichiro and Zwart, Simon Portegies (2005). Formation and evolution of massive black holes in star clusters. IAU XXVth General Assembly, Sydney, Australia, 13-26 July 2003. San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.: Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
Zwart, Sfp, McMillan, SLW and Baumgardt, H (2004). Life and death of young dense star clusters near the galactic center. Workshop on the Formation and Evolution of Massive Young Star Clusters, Cancun Mexico, Nov 17-21, 2003. SAN FRANCISCO: ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC.
McMillan, S, Baumgardt, H, Zwart, SIP, Hut, P and Makino, J (2004). Black holes in massive star clusters. Workshop on the Formation and Evolution of Massive Young Star Clusters, Cancun Mexico, Nov 17-21, 2003. SAN FRANCISCO: ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC.
Baumgardt, H, Zwart, SFP, McMillan, SLW, Makino, J and Ebisuzaki, T (2004). Dynamics of intermediate mass black holes in star clusters. Workshop on the Formation and Evolution of Massive Young Star Clusters, Cancun Mexico, Nov 17-21, 2003. SAN FRANCISCO: ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC.
Gieles, M, Baumgardt, H, Bastian, N and Lamers, H (2004). Theoretical and observational agreement on mass dependence of cluster life times. Workshop on the Formation and Evolution of Massive Young Star Clusters, Cancun Mexico, Nov 17-21, 2003. SAN FRANCISCO: ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC.
Baumgardt, H and Makino, J (2004). Intermediate mass black holes in star clusters. International Workshop on Stellar-Mass, International-Mass, and Supermassive Black Holes, Kyoto Japan, Oct 28-31, 2003. KYOTO: PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE.
Baumgardt, H (2003). Evolution of star clusters moving on elliptic orbits. 208th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, Tokyo Japan, Jul 10-13, 2001. SAN FRANCISCO: ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC.
Baumgardt, H (2003). The stellar mass-function of globular clusters. Conference on New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy, Padua Italy, Jun 24-28, 2002. SAN FRANCISCO: ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC.
Hemsendorf, M, Baumgardt, H, Boily, C, Spurzem, R and Sigurdsson, S (2002). Collisional dynamics of black holes, star clusters and galactic nuclei. 4th Workshop on High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering, Stuttgart Germany, Oct 08-09, 2001. BERLIN: SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN.
Baumgardt, H (2002). Halo enrichment by disrupted globular clusters. Workshop on Modes of Star Formation and the Origin of Field Populations, Heidelberg Germany, Oct 09-13, 2000. SAN FRANCISCO: ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC.
Fellhauer, M, Baumgardt, H, Kroupa, P and Spurzem, R (2002). Merging timescales and merger rates of star clusters in dense star cluster complexes. NATO Advances Study Institute Conference on RestlessUniverse, Blair Atholl Scotland, Jul 23-Aug 05, 2000. DORDRECHT: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL. doi: 10.1023/A:1014597702936
Baumgardt, H (2001). Lifetimes of star clusters and dynamical relaxation. Conference on Dynamics of Star Clusters and the Milky Way, Heidelberg Germany, Mar 20-24, 2000. SAN FRANCISCO: ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC.
Baumgardt, H, Dettbarn, C, Fuchs, B, Rockmann, J and Wielen, R (1999). A comparison of ground-based Cepheid P-L relations with HIPPARCOS parallaxes. Colloquium on Harmonizing Cosmic Distance Scales in a Post-Hipparcos Era, Haguenau France, Sep 14-16, 1998. SAN FRANCISCO: ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC.